Red Bottom Shoes Sale(detail2013-07-07 764) Can Serotonin Increase Peristalsis The gastrointestinal tract is the only system in your body that will continue to demonstrate neuronal activity and reflexes after being isolated from the central nervous system.Red Bottom Shoes Sale This is possible because the gut is hardwired with its own network of motility neurons known as the "enteric nervous system. " Your gastrointestinal tract is designed to function in a completely autonomous fashion; to achieve this goal, motor and sensory neurons work together to generate peristaltic reflexes that initiate waves of smooth muscle contraction, which carry the contents of your gut through the different phases of digestion. Serotonin plays a critical role in the process and has been linked to several gastrointestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and constipation. PeristalsisTo ensure uni-directional transport of gastrointestinal contents, your enteric nervous system, coordinates a series of muscle contractions known as "peristalsis. " These wave-like contractions move food through the different sections of your digestive tract in an organized, tightly regulated fashion. This process begins with the stimulation of sensory neurons in the gut by the presence of food; these signals are processed by the ENS and fed back into motor neurons in the walls of your gut. Smooth muscle cells are then stimulated to contract, thus propelling the food bolus forward for further digestion and nutrient absorption. The Role of Serotonin in PeristalsisAccording to Dr. Michael Gershon of Columbia University, specialized sensory cells lining the wall of the GI tract, known as "enterochromaffin cells, " initiate the peristaltic reflex through the production and secretion of serotonin. This single neurotransmitter has a demonstrable role in generating waves of peristalsis through its action on serotonin receptors in the ENS. For instance, 5-HT4 receptors, which are located on presynaptic nerve terminals, are known to modify neurotransmitter release and facilitate the process of peristalsis. Irritable Bowel SyndromeCommonly referred to as IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a disorder characterized by abdominal pain, cramping and changes in bowel movements. The severity of this condition varies widely, from mild to severe diarrhea and/or constipation, in some cases switching between both of these symptoms. According to research published in the journal "Gastroenterology" in 2004, defects in serotonin pathways of the gut have been associated with GI diseases including IBS. The data shows that patients afflicted by these conditions share defects in serotonin-signaling pathways; specifically, the enzymes for producing and secreting serotonin were significantly reduced in these cases. Clinical ApplicationsTherapeutic agents targeting serotonergic pathways of have been successfully implemented in the treatment of IBS. Tegaserod, a serotonin agonist has been used in cases of IBS-induced constipation; this drug evidently works by mimicking the action of serotonin, which facilitates the generation of peristaltic waves, thus relieving the patient of constipation. Alosetron, on the other hand, is a serotonin antagonist and therefore inhibits the action of serotonin; this drug has been used in patients with IBS-induced diarrhea. By inhibiting the serotonergic pathways in the gut, the excessive peristalsis associated with diarrhea is reversed, relieving the patient of these symptoms. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. LIVESTRONG is a registered trademark of the LIVESTRONG Foundation. Moreover, we do not select every advertiser or advertisement that appears on the web site-many of the advertisements are served by third party advertising companies.
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Cheap Ray Bans(detail2013-07-06 811) Dwyane Wade talks fatherhood and fashion It's quite a day for Miami Heat guard Dwyane Wade.Cheap Ray Bans His new book, A Father First: How My Life Became Bigger Than Basketball, is out today, and he has teamed up with Gilt, the fashion web site which provides access to designer labels at discount prices. Both topics are near and dear to Wade's mind and heart. There's no doubt he loves fashion. He can pull of the pink pants. He can wear the hipster glasses several NBA players love to wear. For Gilt, Wade picked out some of his favorite fashion accessories. Wade talked to Gilt about his fashion sense. "If you're a young guy coming into the league, this is a perfect time, " Wade said. "If you're a guy who's edgy, or likes to be a little different, you don't have to put that to the side. When it comes to playing with colors and pushing the envelope, I think I paved the way for that, but this is a perfect time. Fashion and being an athlete come hand in hand now. They're lucky, because when I came in the league, it was black, gray, and maybe another color here and there, and some stripes, but it really wasn't going and doing risky things. " Wade is also proud of his new book, which details his role as father to his two sons, Zaire, 10, and Zion, 5. Wade won sole custody of his two kids in 2011 (it was a bitter battle) and documented in the book how important that decision was to his life. "I just wanted to tell, in my own words, why I think being a father first is the most important thing to me, " Wade said. "It goes back to my childhood, and the way things did or didn't go. I just thought for the first time I would share those personal experiences, and hopefully help someone look at things in a different way. Not saying I have the perfect way of parenting, but maybe look at things in a different way. "First of all, you never think you could love somebody this much. Every day you wake up with this person on your mind, and every day before you go to sleep they're the last thing on your mind. Living in Miami, and playing in the NBA, it's a fast life. Everything moves fast, and my kids kind of slow things down. Becoming a dad matured me. I was already a mature kid, but it matured me a little faster as an adult-to be ready for the responsibilities of being a father. " And of course, Wade intentionally or not mixes fashion with his sons. "I think I've created some little monsters, even with socks. My kids, they'll be wearing my socks. I'll be having conversations with them, "You cannot be wearing my socks. I bought you your own socks. " They like to wear colorful socks like dad, and it's a big conversation we have. They're like, "but yours are cooler, you have more. " It's this whole thing. When it's time to go to certain events, they have their ways that they like to dress. I enjoy it, I laugh, I love it, but I'm going to have to work a little bit harder because it's going to become expensive. " His new book, A Father First: How My Life Became Bigger Than Basketball, is out today, and he has teamed up with Gilt, the fashion web site which provides access to designer labels at discount prices. Both topics are near and dear to Wade's mind and heart. There's no doubt he loves fashion. He can rock pink pants. He can wear the hipster glasses several NBA players love to wear. For Gilt Man, Wade picked out some of his favorite fashion accessories. Wade talked to Gilt about his fashion sense. "If you're a young guy coming into the league, this is a perfect time, " Wade told Gilt Man. "If you're a guy who's edgy, or likes to be a little different, you don't have to put that to the side. When it comes to playing with colors and pushing the envelope, I think I paved the way for that, but this is a perfect time. Fashion and being an athlete come hand in hand now. They're lucky, because when I came in the league, it was black, gray, and maybe another color here and there, and some stripes, but it really wasn't going and doing risky things. " Wade is also proud of his new book, which details his role as father to his two sons, Zaire, 10, and Zion, 5. Wade won sole custody of his two kids in 2011 (it was a bitter battle) and documented in the book how important that decision was and is to his life. "I just wanted to tell, in my own words, why I think being a father first is the most important thing to me, " Wade said. "It goes back to my childhood, and the way things did or didn't go. I just thought for the first time I would share those personal experiences, and hopefully help someone look at things in a different way. Not saying I have the perfect way of parenting, but maybe look at things in a different way. "First of all, you never think you could love somebody this much. Every day you wake up with this person on your mind, and every day before you go to sleep they're the last thing on your mind. Living in Miami, and playing in the NBA, it's a fast life. Everything moves fast, and my kids slow things down. Becoming a dad matured me. I was already a mature kid, but it matured me a little faster as an adult - to be ready for the responsibilities of being a father. " And of course, Wade intentionally or not mixes fashion with his sons. "I think I've created some little monsters, even with socks, " he said. "My kids, they'll be wearing my socks. I'll be having conversations with them, 'You cannot be wearing my socks. I bought you your own socks. ' They like to wear colorful socks like dad, and it's a big conversation we have. They're like, 'But yours are cooler, you have more. ' It's this whole thing. When it's time to go to certain events, they have their ways that they like to dress. I enjoy it, I laugh, I love it, but I'm going to have to work a little bit harder because it's going to become expensive. " To report corrections and clarifications, contact Standards Editor . Include name, phone number, city and state for verification. To post a comment, log into Facebook and then "Add" your comment. To report spam or abuse, click the "X" in the upper right corner of the comment box. To find out more, read the FAQ and Conversation Guidelines. Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008. He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong. Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.
Windows 7 Activation Key(detail2013-06-20 632) What Is Noni Juice Good For Healthwise Combats FatigueTraditionally,Windows 7 Activation Key Polynesians used noni juice to combat fatigue and, although human studies are needed, animal research shows promise for this use. Researchers gave aged mice noni juice in a dose-dependent fashion, and then administered an endurance swim test. They found that the noni juice-fed mice could swim 36 percent to 45 percent longer than the control group of age-matched mice, which is significant. The results are published in the November 2007 issue of the journal "Phytotherapy Research. " Anti-CancerNoni juice exhibits anti-cancer activity, according to a study published in the December 2001 issue of the journal "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. " In the study, noni juice in the drinking water of test mice prevented cancer-causing chemicals from binding to DNA. It reduced binding by 30 percent in the heart, 42 percent in the liver and 80 percent in the kidneys of female mice. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. LIVESTRONG is a registered trademark of the LIVESTRONG Foundation. Moreover, we do not select every advertiser or advertisement that appears on the web site-many of the advertisements are served by third party advertising companies.